关于印发《安全现状评价导则》的通知
国家安全生产监督管理局
安监管规划字〔2004〕36号
关于印发《安全现状评价导则》的通知
根据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》的有关规定，为加强生产经营单位安全评价工作，规范安全评价行为，确保安全评价的科学性、公正性和严肃性，国家安全生产监督管理局编制了《安全现状评价导则》，现印发给你们，请遵照执行。
二○○四年三月二十六日
安全现状评价导则
1.主题内容与适用范围
本导则依据《安全评价通则》制订，规定了安全现状评价的目的、基本原则、内容、程序和方法,适用于生产经营单位（矿山企业、石油和天然气开采生产企业除外）安全现状评价。
2.安全现状评价目的
安全现状评价目的是针对生产经营单位（某一个生产经营单位总体或局部的生产经营活动的）安全现状进行的安全评价，通过评价查找其存在的危险、有害因素并确定危险程度，提出合理可行的安全对策措施及建议。
3.定义安全现状评价
安全现状评价是在系统生命周期内的生产运行期，通过对生产经营单位的生产设施、设备、装置实际运行状况及管理状况的调查、分析，运用安全系统工程的方法，进行危险、有害因素的识别及其危险度的评价，查找该系统生产运行中存在的事故隐患并判定其危险程度，提出合理可行的安全对策措施及建议，使系统在生产运行期内的安全风险控制在安全、合理的程度内。
4.安全现状评价内容
安全现状评价是根据国家有关的法律、法规规定或者生产经营单位的要求进行的，应对生产经营单位生产设施、设备、装置、贮存、运输及安全管理等方面进行全面、综合的安全评价。主要内容包括：
1） 收集评价所需的信息资料，采用恰当的方法进行危险、有害因素识别；
2）对于可能造成重大后果的事故隐患，采用科学合理的安全评价方法建立相应的数学模型进行事故模拟，预测极端情况下事故的影响范围、最大损失，以及发生事故的可能性或概率，给出量化的安全状态参数值；
3）对发现的事故隐患，根据量化的安全状态参数值，进行整改优先度排序；
4）提出安全对策措施与建议。
生产经营单位应将安全现状评价的结果纳入生产经营单位事故隐患整改计划和安全管理制度，并按计划加以实施和检查。
5.安全现状评价工作程序
安全现状评价工作程序一般包括:
1）前期准备；
2）危险、有害因素和事故隐患的识别；
3）定性、定量评价；
4）安全管理现状评价；
5）确定安全对策措施及建议；
6）确定评价结论；
7）安全现状评价报告完成。
5.1 前期准备
明确评价的范围，收集所需的各种资料，重点收集与现实运行状况有关的各种资料与数据，包括涉及到生产运行、设备管理、安全、职业危害、消防、技术检测等方面内容。评价机构依据生产经营单位提供的资料，按照确定的评价范围进行评价。
安全现状评价所需主要资料从以下方面收集：
1）工艺；
2）物料；
3）生产经营单位周边环境情况；
4）设备相关资料；
5）管道；
6）电气、仪表自动控制系统；
7）公用工程系统；
8）事故应急救援预案；
9）规章制度及企业标准；
10）相关的检测和检验报告。
安全现状评价所需主要资料清单见附录A。
5.2 危险、有害因素和事故隐患的识别
应针对评价对象的生产运行情况及工艺、设备的特点，采用科学、合理的评价方法，进行危险、有害因素识别和危险性分析，确定主要危险部位、物料的主要危险特性，有无重大危险源，以及可以导致重大事故的缺陷和隐患。
5.3 定性、定量评价
根据生产经营单位的特点，确定评价的模式及采用的评价方法。安全现状评价在系统生命周期内的生产运行阶段，应尽可能的采用定量化的安全评价方法，通常采用“预先危险性分析——安全检查表检查——危险指数评价——重大事故分析与风险评价——有害因素现状评价”依次渐进、定性与定量相结合的综合性评价模式，进行科学、全面、系统地分析评价。
通过定性、定量安全评价，重点对工艺流程、工艺参数、控制方式、操作条件、物料种类与理化特性、工艺布置、总图、公用工程等内容，运用选定的分析方法对存在的危险、有害因素和事故隐患逐一分析，通过危险度与危险指数量化分析与评价计算，确定事故隐患部位、预测发生事故的严重后果，同时进行风险排序，结合现场调查结果以及同类事故案例分析其发生的原因和概率，运用相应的数学模型进行重大事故模拟，模拟发生灾害性事故时的破坏程度和严重后果，为制定相应的事故隐患整改计划、安全管理制度和事故应急救援预案提供数据。
安全现状评价通常采用的定性、定量安全评价方法如下：
1）定性评价方法：
预先危险性分析；
安全检查表；
故障类型和影响分析；
故障假设分析；
故障树分析；
危险与可操作性研究；
风险矩阵法等。
2）定量安全评价方法：
道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数法；
蒙德火灾、爆炸危险指数法；
故障树分析；
事件树分析；
QRA定量评价；
安全一体化水平评价方法；
事故后果灾害评价等。
5.4安全管理现状评价
1）安全管理制度评价；
2）事故应急救援预案的评价；
3）事故应急救援预案的修改及演练计划。
5.5 确定安全对策措施及建议
综合评价结果，提出相应的安全对策措施及建议，并按照安全风险程度的高低进行解决方案的排序，列出存在的事故隐患及整改紧迫程度，针对事故隐患提出改进措施及改善安全状态水平的建议。
5.6评价结论
根据评价结果明确指出生产经营单位当前的安全状态水平，提出安全可接受程度的意见。
5.7安全现状评价报告完成
生产经营单位应当依据安全评价报告编制事故隐患整改方案和实施计划，完成安全评价报告。生产经营单位与安全评价机构对安全评价报告的结论存在分歧的，应当将双方的意见连同安全评价报告一并报安全生产监督管理部门。
6.安全现状评价报告主要内容
安全现状评价报告，建议参照如下所示的主要内容。不同行业在评价内容上有不同的侧重点，可根据实际需要进行部分调整或补充。
6．1 前言
6．2 目录
6．3 评价项目概述
1）评价项目概况；
2）评价范围；
3）评价依据。
6．4 评价程序和评价方法
1）评价程序；
2）评价方法。
6．5 危险、有害因素分析
工艺过程、物料、设备、管道、电气、仪表自动控制系统、水、电、汽、风、消防等公用工程系统、危险物品的储存方式、储存设施、辅助设施、周边防护距离及其他。
6．6定性、定量化评价及计算
通过分析，对上述生产装置和辅助设施所涉及到的内容进行危险、有害因素识别后，运用定性、定量的安全评价方法进行定性化和定量化评价，确定危险程度和危险级别以及发生事故的可能性和严重后果，为提出安全对策措施提供依据。
6．7事故原因分析与重大事故的模拟
1）重大事故原因分析；
2）重大事故概率分析；
3）重大事故预测、模拟。
6．8 对策措施与建议
6．9 评价结论
7. 安全现状评价报告的要求
安全现状况评价报告的内容要详尽、具体，特别是对危险、有害因素的分析要准确，提出的事故隐患整改计划科学、合理、可行和有效。安全现状评价要由懂工艺和操作、仪表电气、消防以及安全工程的专家共同参与完成，评价组成员的专业能力应涵盖评价范围所涉及的专业内容。
安全现状评价报告应内容全面、重点突出、条理清楚、数据完整、取值合理、评价结论客观公正。
8.安全现状评价报告附件
1)数据表格、平面图、流程图、控制图等安全评价过程中制作的图表文件；
2)评价方法的确定过程和评价方法介绍；
3）评价过程中专家意见；
4）评价机构和生产经营单位交换意见汇总表及反馈结果；
5)生产经营单位提供的原始数据资料目录及生产经营单位证明材料；
6）法定的检测检验报告。
9.安全现状评价报告格式
安全现状评价报告格式一般包括：
1)封面（参见附录B）
2)安全评价机构资质证书影印件
3)著录项（参见附录C）
4)目录
5)编制说明
6)前言
7)正文
8)附件及附录
10.安全现状评价报告载体
安全现状评价报告一般采用纸质载体。为适应信息处理需要，安全现状评价报告可辅助采用电子载体形式。
附录A：
安全现状评价所需主要资料清单
A.1工艺
1）工艺规程、操作规程及其工艺流程图，工艺操作步骤或单元操作过程，包括从原料的贮存、加料的准备至产品产出及贮存的整个过程操作说明
2）工艺变更说明书
A.2物料
1）主要物料及其用量
2）基本控制原料说明
3）原材料、中间体、产品、副产品和废物的安全、卫生及环保数据
4）规定的极限值和（或）允许的极限值
A.3 生产经营单位周边环境情况
1）区域图和厂区平面布置图
2）气象数据、人口分布数据、场地水文地质等资料
A.4 设备相关资料
1）建筑和设备平立面布置图
2）设备明细表
3）设备材质说明、大机组监控系统、设备厂家提供的图纸
A.5 管道
1）管道说明书、配管图
2）管道检测相关数据报告
A.6 电气、仪表自动控制系统
1）生产单元的电力分级图、电力分布图
2）仪表布置及逻辑图、控制及报警系统说明书、计算机控制系统软硬件设计、仪表明细表
A.7 公用工程系统
1）公用设施说明书
2）消防布置图及消防设施配备和设计应急能力说明
3）系统可靠性设计、通风可靠性设计、安全系统设计资料
4）通信系统资料
A.8 事故应急救援预案
1）事故应急救援预案
2）事故应急救援预案演练计划
A.9 规章制度及标准
1）内部规章、制度、检查表和企业标准
2）有关行业安全生产经验
3）维修操作规程
4）已有的安全研究、事故统计和事故报告
A.10 相关的检测和检验报告
附录B：
安全现状评价报告封面格式
B.1 封面布局
封面第一、二行文字内容是生产经营单位名称;
封面第三行文字内容是建设项目名称;
封面第四行文字内容是报告名称，为“安全现状评价报告”;
封面最后两行分别是安全评价机构名称和安全评价机构资质证书编号。
B.2 封面样张 (略)
附录C:
著录项格式
C.1布局
“评价机构法定代表人，课题组主要人员和审核人”等著录项一般分两张布置，第一张署明评价机构的法定代表人（以评价机构营业执照为准）、审核定稿人、课题组长等主要责任者姓名，下方为报告编制完成的日期及安全评价机构（以安全评价机构资质证书为准）公章用章区；第二张则为安全评价人员（以安全评价人员资格证为准并署明注册号）、各类技术专 家（应为评价机构专家库内人员）以及其他有关人员名单，安全评价人员和技术专家均要求 手写签名。
C.2 样张 (略)
中华人民共和国环境保护法(附英文)
全国人民代表大会
中华人民共和国主席令（七届第22号）
《中华人民共和国环境保护法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议于1989年12月26日通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆
1989年12月26日
中华人民共和国环境保护法(附英文)
（1989年12月26日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过 1989年12月26日中华人民共和国主席令第二十二号公布 自公布之日起施行。
《中华人民共和国环境保护法》已由中华人民共和国第届七全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议于 1989年12月26日通过，自公布之日施行。
中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆
1989年12月26日
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 环境监督管理
第三章 保护和改善环境
第四章 防治环境污染和其他公害
第五章 法律责任
第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保护和改善生活环境与生态环境，防治污染和其他公害，保障人体健康，促进社会主义现代化建设的发展，制定本法。
第二条 本法所称环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。
第三条 本法适用于中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域。
第四条 国家制定的环境保护规划必须纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，国家采取有利于环境保护的经济、技术政策和措施，使环境保护工作同经济建设和社会发展相协调。
第五条 国家鼓励环境保护科学教育事业的发展，加强环境保护科学技术的研究和开发，提高环境保护科学技术水平，普及环境保护的科学知识。
第六条 一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务，并有权对污染和破坏环境的单位和个人进行检举和控告。
第七条 国务院环境保护行政主管部门，对全国环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。
县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，对本辖区的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。
国家海洋行政主管部门、港务监督、渔政渔港监督、军队环境保护部门和各级公安、交通、铁道、民航管理部门，依照有关法律的规定对环境污染防治实施监督管理。
县级以上人民政府的土地、矿产、林业、农业、水利行政主管部门，依照有关法律的规定对资源的保护实施监督管理。
第八条 对保护环境有显著成绩的单位和个人，由人民政府给予奖励。
第二章 环境监督管理
第九条 国务院环境保护行政主管部门制定国家环境质量标准。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对国家环境质量标准中未作规定的项目，可以制定地方环境质量标准，并报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。
第十条 国务院环境保护行政主管部门根据国家环境质量标准和国家经济、技术条件，制定国家污染物排放标准。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对国家污染物排放标准中未作规定的项目，可以制定地方污染物排放标准；对国家污染物排放标准中已作规定的项目，可以制定严于国家污染物排放标准的地方污染物排放标准。地方污染物排放标准须报国务院环境保护行政主管部门备案。
凡是向已有地方污染物排放标准的区域排放污染物的，应当执行地方污染物排放标准。
第十一条 国务院环境保护行政主管部门建立监测制度，制定监测规范，会同有关部门组织监测网络，加强对环境监测和管理。国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的环境保护行政主管部门，应当定期发布环境状况公报。
第十二条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，应当会同有关部门对管辖范围内的环境状况进行调查和评价，拟订环境保护规划，经计划部门综合平衡后，报同级人民政府批准实施。
第十三条 建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境保护管理的规定。
建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境的影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书。
第十四条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门，有权对管辖范围内的排污单位进行现场检查。被检查的单位应当如实反映情况，提供必要的资料。检查机关应当为被检查的单位保守技术秘密和业务秘密。
第十五条 跨行政区的环境污染和环境破坏的防治工作，由有关地方人民政府协商解决，或者由上级人民政府协调解决，做出决定。
第三章 保护和改善环境
第十六条 地方各级人民政府，应当对本辖区的环境质量负责，采取措施改善环境质量。
第十七条 各级人民政府对具有代表性的各种类型的自然生态系统区域，珍稀、濒危的野生动植物自然分布区域，重要的水源涵养区域，具有重大科学文化价值的地质构造、著名溶洞和化石分布区、冰川、火山、温泉等自然遗迹，以及人文遗迹、古树名木，应当采取措施加以保护，严禁破坏。
第十八条 在国务院、国务院有关主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府划定的风景名胜区、自然保护区和其他需要特别保护的区域内，不得建设污染环境的工业生产设施；建设其他设施，其污染物排放不得超过规定的排放标准。已经建成的设施，其污染物排放超过规定的排放标准的，限期治理。
第十九条 开发利用自然资源，必须采取措施保护生态环境。
第二十条 各级人民政府应当加强对农业环境的保护，防治土壤污染、土地沙化、盐渍化、贫瘠化、沼泽化、地面沉降和防治植被破坏、水土流失、水源枯竭、种源灭绝以及其他生态失调现象的发生和发展，推广植物病虫害的综合防治，合理使用化肥、农药及植物生长激素。
第二十一条 国务院和治海地方各级人民政府应当加强对海洋环境的保护。向海洋排放污染物、倾到废弃物，进行海岸工程建设和海洋石油勘探开发，必须依照法律的规定，防止对海洋环境的污染损害。
第二十二条 制定城市规划，应当确定保护和改善环境的目标和任务。
第二十三条 城乡建设应当结合当地自然环境的特点，保护植被、水域和自然景观，加强城市园林、绿地和风景名胜区的建设。
第四章 防治环境污染和其他公害
第二十四条 产生环境污染和其他公害的单位，必须把环境保护工作纳入计划，建立环境保护责任制度；采取有效措施，防治在生产建设或者其他活动中产生的废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、恶臭气体、放射性物质以及噪声、振动、电磁波辐射等对环境的污染和危害。
第二十五条 新建工业企业和现有工业企业的技术改造，应当采用资源利用率高、污染物排放量少的设备和工艺，采用经济合理的废弃物综合利用技术和污染物处理技术。
第二十六条 建设项目中防治污染的设旋，必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用。防治污染的设施必须经原审批环境影响报告书的环境保护行政主管部门验收合格后，该建设项目方可投入生产或者使用。
防治污染的设施不得擅自拆除或者闲置，确有必要拆除或者闲置的，必须征得所在地的环境保护行政主管部门同意。
第二十七条 排放污染物的企业事业单位，必须依照国务院环境保护行政主管部门的规定申报登记。
第二十八条 排放污染物超过国家或者地方规定的污染物排放标准的企业事业单位，依照国家规定缴纳超标准排污费，并负责治理。水污染防治法另有规定的，依照水污染防治法的规定执行。
征收的超标准排污费必须用于污染的防治，不得挪作他用，具体使用办法由国务院规定。
第二十九条 对造成环境严重污染的企业事业单位，限期治理。
中央或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府直接管辖的企业事业单位的限期治理，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府决定。市、县或者市、县以下人民政府管辖的企业事业单位的限期治理，由市、县人民政府决定。被限期治理的企业事业单位必须如期完成治理任务。
第三十条 禁止引进不符合我国环境保护规定要求的技术和设备。
第三十一条 因发生事故或者其他突然性事件，造成或者可能造成污染事故的单位，必须立即采取措施处理，及时通报可能受到污染危害的单位和居民，并向当地环境保护行政主管部门和有关部门报告，接受调查处理。
可能发生重大污染事故的企业事业单位，应当采取措施，加强防范。
第三十二条 县级以上地方人民政府环境保护行政主管部门，在环境受到严重污染威胁居民生命财产安全时，必须立即向当地人民政府报告，由人民政府采取有效措施，解除或者减轻危害。
第三十三条 生产、储存、运输、销售、使用有毒化学物品和含有放射性物质的物品，必须遵守国家有关规定，防止污染环境。
第三十四条 任何单位不得将产生严重污染的生产设备转移给没有污染防治能力的单位使用。
第五章 法律责任
第三十五条 违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门可以根据不同情节，给予警告或者处以罚款：
（一）拒绝环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门现场检查或者在被检查时弄虚作假的。
（二）拒报或者谎报国务院环境保护行政主管部门规定的有关污染物排放申报事项的。
（三）不按国家规定缴纳超标准排污费的。
（四）引进不符合我国环境保护规定要求的技术和设备的。
（五）将产生严重污染的生产设备转移给没有污染防治能力的单位使用的。
第三十六条 建设项目的防治污染设施没有建成或者没有达到国家规定的要求，投入生产或者使用的，由批准该建设项目的环境影响报告书的环境保护行政主管部门责令停止生产或者使用，可以并处罚款。
第三十七条 未经环境保护行政主管部门同意，擅自拆除或者闲置防治污染的设施，污染物排放超过规定的排放标准的，由环境保护行政主管部门责令重新安装使用，并处罚款。
第三十八条 对违反本法规定，造成环境污染事故的企业事业单位，由环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门根据所造成的危害后果处以罚款；情节较重的，对有关责任人员由其所在单位或者政府主管机关给予行政处分。
第三十九条 对经限期治理逾期未完成治理任务的企业事业单位，除依照国家规定加收超标准排污费外，可以根据所造成的危害后果处以罚款，或者责令停业、关闭。
前款规定的罚款由环境保护行政主管部门决定。责令停业、关闭，由作出限期治理决定的人民政府决定；责令中央直接管辖的企业事业单位停业、关闭，须报国务院批准。
第四十条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五是内，向作出处罚决定的机关的上一级机关申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内，向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内，直接向人民法院起诉。当事人
逾期不申请复议、也不向人民法院起诉、又不履行处罚决定的，由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第四十一条 造成环境污染危害的，有责任排除危害，并对直接受到损害的单位或者个人赔偿损失。
赔偿责任和赔偿金额的纠纷，可以根据当事人的请求，由环境保护行政主管部门或者其他依照本法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门处理；当事人对处理决定不服的，可以向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
完全由于不可护拒的自然灾害，并经及时采取合理措施，仍然不能避免造成环境污染损害的，免予承担责任。
第四十二条 因环境污染损害赔偿提起诉讼的时效期间为三年，从当事人知道或者应当知道受到污染损害时起计算。
第四十三条 违反本法规定，造成重大环境污染事故，导致公私财产重大损失或者人身伤亡的严重后果的，对直接责任人员依法追究刑事责任。
第四十四条 违反本法规定，造成土地、森林、草原、水、矿产、渔业、野生动植物等资源的破坏的，依照有关法律的规定承担法律责任。
第四十五条 环境保护监督管理人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，由其所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第六章 附 则
第四十六条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的与环境保护有关的国际条约，同中华人民共和国法律有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第四十七条 本法自公布之日起施行《中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）》同时废止。
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 11th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on December 26, 1989, promulgated by
Order No. 22 of the President of the People's Republic of China on
December 26, 1989, and effective on the date of promulgation)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Supervision and Management of the Environment
Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment
Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution and Other
Public Hazards
Chapter V Legal Liability
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving
people's environment and the ecological environment, preventing and
controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding human health
and facilitating the development of socialist modernization.
Article 2
"Environment" as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural
elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human
existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas,
land, minerals, forests, grasslands, wildlife, natural and human remains,
nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural
areas.
Article 3
This Law shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China
and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of
China.
Article 4
The plans for environmental protection formulated by the state must be
incorporated into the national economic and social development plans; the
state shall adopt economic and technological policies and measures
favourable for environmental protection so as to coordinate the work of
environmental protection with economic construction and social
development.
Article 5
The state shall encourage the development of education in the science of
environmental protection, strengthen the study and development of the
science and technology of environmental protection, raise the scientific
and technological level of environmental protection and popularize
scientific knowledge of environmental protection.
Article 6
All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the
environment and shall have the right to report on or file charges against
units or individuals that cause pollution or damage to the environment.
Article 7
The competent department of environmental protection administration under
the State Council shall conduct unified supervision and management of the
environmental protection work throughout the country.
The competent departments of environmental protection administration of
the local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct
unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work
within areas under their jurisdiction. The state administrative
department of marine affairs, the harbour superintendency administration,
the fisheries administration and fishing harbour superintendency agencies,
the environmental protection department of the armed forces and the
administrative departments of public security, transportation, railways
and civil aviation at various levels shall, in accordance with the
provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the
prevention and control of environmental pollution. The competent
administrative departments of land, minerals, forestry, agriculture and
water conservancy of the people's governments at or above the county level
shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct
supervision and management of the protection of natural resources.
Article 8
The people's government shall give awards to units and individuals that
have made outstanding achievements in protecting and improving the
environment.
Chapter II Supervision and Management of the Environment
Article 9
The competent department of environmental protection administration under
the State Council shall establish the national standards for environment
quality. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their
local standards for environment quality for items not specified in the
national standards for environment quality and shall report them to the
competent department of environmental protection administration under the
State Council for the record.
Article 10
The competent department of environmental protection administration under
the State Council shall, in accordance with the national standards for
environment quality and the country's economic and technological
conditions, establish the national standards for the discharge of
pollutants.
The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their
local standards for the discharge of pollutants for items not specified in
the national standards; with regard to items already specified in the
national standards, they may set local standards which are more stringent
than the national standards and report the same to the competent
department of environmental protection administration under the State
Council for the record. Units that discharge pollutants in areas where
the local standards for the discharge of pollutants have been established
shall observe such local standards.
Article 11
The competent department of environmental protection administration under
the State Council shall establish a monitoring system, formulate the
monitoring norm and, in conjunction with relevant departments, organize a
monitoring network and strengthen the management of environmental
monitoring.
The competent departments of environmental protection administration under
the State Council and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly issue
bulletins on environmental situations.
Article 12
The competent departments of environmental protection administration of
the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in
conjunction with relevant departments, make an investigation and an
assessment of the environmental situation within areas under their
jurisdiction, draw up plans for environmental protection which shall,
subject to overall balancing by the department of planning, be submitted
to the people's government at the same level for approval before
implementation.
Article 13
Units constructing projects that cause pollution to the environment must
observe the state provisions concerning environmental protection for such
construction projects. The environmental impact statement on a
construction project must assess the pollution the projects is likely to
produce and its impact on the environment and stipulate the preventive and
curative measures; the statement shall, after initial examination by the
authorities in charge of the construction project, be submitted by
specified procedure to the competent department of environmental
protection administration for approval. The department of planning shall
not ratify the design plan descriptions of the construction project until
after the environmental impact statement on the construction project is
approved.
Article 14
The competent departments of environmental protection administration of
the people's governments at or above the county level or other departments
invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision and
management shall be empowered to make on-site inspections of units under
their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants. The units being inspected
shall truthfully report the situation to them and provide them with the
necessary information. The inspecting authorities shall keep confidential
the technological know-how and business secrets of the units inspected.
Article 15
Work for the prevention and control of the environmental pollution and
damage that involve various administrative areas shall be conducted by the
relevant local people's governments through negotiation, or by decision of
the people's government at a higher level through mediation.
Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment
Article 16
The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for
the environment quality of areas under their jurisdiction and take
measures to improve the environment quality.
Article 17
The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect
regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions
with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and
plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological
structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where
karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers,
volcanos and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and
precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.
Article 18
Within the scenic spots or historic sites, nature reserves and other zones
that need special protection, as designated by the State Council, the
relevant competent department under the State Council, and the people's
governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly
under the Central Government, no industrial production installations that
cause environmental pollution shall be built; other installations to be
built in these areas must not exceed the prescribed standards for the
discharge of pollutants. If the installations that have been built
discharge more pollutants than are specified by the prescribed discharge
standards, such pollution shall be eliminated or controlled within a
prescribed period of time.
Article 19
Measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment while natural
resources are being developed or utilized.
Article 20
The people's governments at various levels shall provide better protection
for the agricultural environment by preventing and controlling soil
pollution, the desertification and alkalization of land, the
impoverishment of soil, the deterioration of land into marshes, earth
subsidence, the damage of vegetation, soil erosion, the drying up of
sources of water, the extinction of species and the occurrence and
development of other ecological imbalances, by extending the scale of a
comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests,
and by promoting a rational application of chemical fertilizers,
pesticides and plant growth hormone.
Article 21
The State Council and the people's governments at various levels in
coastal areas shall provide better protection for the marine environment.
The discharge of pollutants and the dumping of wastes into the seas, the
construction of coastal projects, and the exploration and exploitation of
offshore oil must be conducted in compliance with legal provisions so as
to guard against the pollution and damage of the marine environment.
Article 22
The targets and tasks for protecting and improving the environment shall
be defined in urban planning.
Article 23
In urban and rural construction, vegetation, waters and the natural
landscape shall be protected and attention paid to the construction of
gardens, green land and historic sites and scenic spots in the cities in
the light of the special features of the local natural environment.
Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution and Other Public Hazards
Article 24
Units that cause environmental pollution and other public hazards shall
incorporate the work of environmental protection into their plans and
establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, and must
adopt effective measures to prevent and control the pollution and harms
caused to the environment by waste gas, waste water, waste residues, dust,
malodorous gases, radioactive substances, noise, vibration and
electromagnetic radiation generated in the course of production,
construction or other activities.
Article 25
For the technological transformation of newly-built industrial enterprises
and existing industrial enterprises, facilities and processes that effect
a high rate of the utilization of resources and a low rate of the
discharge of pollutants shall be used, along with economical and rational
technology for the comprehensive utilization of waste materials and the
treatment of pollutants.
Article 26
Installations for the prevention and control of pollution at a
construction project must be designed, built and commissioned together
with the principal part of the project. No permission shall be given for a
construction project to be commissioned or used, until its installations
for the prevention and control of pollution are examined and considered up
to the standard by the competent department of environmental protection
administration that examined and approved the environmental impact
statement. Installations for the prevention and control of pollution
shall not be dismantled or left idle without authorization. If it is
really necessary to dismantle such installations or leave them idle, prior
approval shall be obtained from the competent department of environmental
protection administration in the locality.
Article 27
Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants must report to and
register with the relevant authorities in accordance with the provisions
of the competent department of environmental protection administration
under the State Council.
Article 28
Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants in excess of the
prescribed national or local discharge standards shall pay a fee for
excessive discharge according to state provisions and shall assume
responsibility for eliminating and controlling the pollution. The
provisions of the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution shall
be complied with where they are applicable.
The income derived from the fee levied for the excessive discharge of
pollutants must be used for the prevention and control of pollution and
shall not be appropriated for other purposes. The specific measures
thereof shall be prescribed by the State Council.
Article 29
If an enterprise or institution has caused severe environmental pollution,
it shall be required to eliminate and control the pollution within a
certain period of time. For enterprises and institutions directly under
the jurisdiction of the Central Government or the people's government of a
province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the
Central Government, the decision on a deadline for the elimination or
control of pollution shall be made by the people's government of the
province, autonomous region and the municipality directly under the
Central Government. For enterprises and institutions under the
jurisdiction of a people's government at or below the city or county
level, such decision shall be made by the people's government of the city
or county. Such enterprises and institutions shall accomplish the
elimination or control of pollution within the specified period of time.
Article 30
A ban shall be imposed on the importation of any technology or facility
that fails to meet the requirements specified in the regulations of our
country concerning environmental protection.
Article 31
Any unit that, as a result of an accident or any other exigency, has
caused or threatens to cause an accident of pollution, must promptly take
measures to prevent and control the pollution hazards, make the situation
known to such units and inhabitants as are likely to be endangered by such
hazards, report the case to the competent department of environmental
protection administration of the locality and the departments concerned
and accept their investigation and decision.
Enterprises and institutions that are likely to cause severe pollution
accidents shall adopt measures for effective prevention.
Article 32
If the safety of the lives and property of inhabitants is endangered by
severe environmental pollution, the competent department of environmental
protection administration of the local people's government at or above the
county level must promptly report to the local people's government. The
people's government concerned shall take effective measures to remove or
alleviate the hazard.
Article 33
The production, storage, transportation, sale and use of toxic chemicals
and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the
relevant state provisions so as to prevent environmental pollution.
Article 34
No unit shall be permitted to transfer a production facility that causes
severe pollution for use by a unit that is unable to prevent and control
pollution.
Chapter V Legal Liability
Article 35
Any violator of this Law shall, according to the circumstances of the
case, be warned or fined by the competent department of environmental
protection administration or another department invested by law with power
to conduct environmental supervision and management for any of the
following acts:
(1) refusing an on-site inspection by the competent department of
environmental protection administration or another department invested by
law with power to conduct environmental supervision and management, or
resorting to trickery and fraud while undergoing inspection;
(2) refusing to report or submitting a false report on items for which
declaration is required by the competent department of environmental
protection administration under the State Council;
(3) failing to pay, as provided for by the state, the fee for the
excessive discharge of pollutants;
(4) importing technology or a facility that fails to meet the requirements
specified in the state provisions concerning environmental protection; or
(5) transferring a production facility that causes severe pollution for
use by a unit that is unable to prevent and control pollution.
Article 36
When a construction project is commissioned or put to use in circumstances
where facilities for the prevention and control of pollution either have
not been completed or fail to meet the requirements specified in state
provisions, the competent department of environmental protection
administration responsible for the approval of the environmental impact
statement on the construction project shall order the suspension of its
operations or use and may concurrently impose a fine.
Article 37
A unit which dismantles or leaves idle the installations for the
prevention and control of pollution without prior approval by the
competent department of environmental protection administration, thereby
discharging pollutants in excess of the prescribed discharge standards,
shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental protection
administration to set up the installations or put them to use again, and
shall concurrently be fined.
Article 38
An enterprise or institution which violates this Law, thereby causing an
environmental pollution accident, shall be fined by the competent
department of environmental protection administration or another
department invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision
and management in accordance with the consequent damage; in a serious
case, the persons responsible shall be subject to administrative sanction
by the unit to which they belong or by the competent department of the
government.
Article 39
An enterprise or institution that has failed to eliminate or control
pollution by the deadline as required shall, as provided for by the state,
pay a fee for excessive discharge; in addition, a fine may be imposed on
it on the basis of the damage incurred, or the enterprise or institution
may be ordered to suspend its operations or close down. The fine as
specified in the preceding paragraph shall be decided by the competent
department of environmental protection administration. An order for the
suspension of operations or shut-down of an enterprise or institution
shall be issued by the people's government that set the deadline for the
elimination or control of pollution. An order for the suspension of
operations or shut-down of an enterprise or institution directly under the
jurisdiction of the Central Government shall be submitted to and approved
by the State Council.
Article 40
A party refusing to accept the decision on administrative sanction may,
within 15 days of receiving the notification on such a decision, apply for
reconsideration to the department next higher to the authorities that
imposed the sanction; if the party refuses to accept the decision of
reconsideration, it may, within 15 days of receiving the reconsideration
decision, bring a suit before a people's court. A party may also bring a
suit directly before a people's court within 15 days of receiving the
notification on the sanction. If, upon the expiration of this period, the
party has not applied for reconsideration or has neither brought a suit
before a people's court nor complied with the sanction, the authorities
that imposed the sanction may apply to the people's court for compulsory
enforcement.
Article 41
A unit that has caused an environmental pollution hazard shall have the
obligation to eliminate it and make compensation to the unit or individual
that suffered direct losses. A dispute over the liability to make
compensation or the amount of compensation may, at the request of the
parties, be settled by the competent department of environmental
protection administration or another department invested by law with power
to conduct environmental supervision and management. If a party refuses to
accept the decision on the settlement, it may bring a suit before a
people's court. The party may also directly bring a suit before the
people's court.
If environmental pollution losses result solely from irresistible natural
disasters which cannot be averted even after the prompt adoption of
reasonable measures, the party concerned shall be exempted from liability.
Article 42
The limitation period for prosecution with respect to compensation for
environmental pollution losses shall be three years, counted from the time
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